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Polyphenols face significant bioavailability bottlenecks when administered orally, and their pharmacokinetic properties make it difficult to reach therapeutic window concentrations in inner ear hair cells and auditory nerves (Osakabe et al., 2023), a limitation that significantly restricts their potential application in the prevention and treatment of CIO.However, reactive oxygen species present a dual role in the pathological process of CIO: as a key pathogenic factor mediating cisplatin ototoxicity and as a pharmacological basis for its tumor cell-killing effects, and this paradoxical property makes the construction of an inner-ear-targeted delivery system a central challenge for synergistic chemotherapy with polyphenolic compounds
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For lasting results, they should complement healthy eating, exercise, and possibly other medical treatments
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