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[ CrossRef ] [ Google scholar ] [ PubMed ] Yang Z, Balic A, Michon F, Juuri E, Thesleff I
69 ICB preferentially eliminates tumor cells harboring dominant clonal neoantigens, promoting the outgrowth of subclones lacking these immunogenic epitopes, a process known as immune editing
In summary, the role of lactate in macrophages cannot be oversimplified as merely promoting M2. It functions more like a double-edged sword, with its ultimate effect, whether it favors pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, being tightly regulated by factors such as concentration, duration, cell origin, and the overall tissue microenvironment [108]
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