We also extracted data on drugs known to affect urine stone risk profile if patients were on them during baseline and follow-up 24-hour urine collection: allopurinol, sodium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
Cellular senescence is regarded as a fundamental stress-responsive mechanism triggered by diverse intrinsic and extrinsic cues, including viral infections, hypoxia, oxidative stress, telomere attrition, genomic instability and oncogene activation (4)
Monitoring urine color (aiming for pale yellow) provides a simple assessment of hydration status
The connection between neurotransmitter dysfunction and these disorders has been the focus of extensive research