Retinoids, strong acids, and benzoyl peroxide stacked on the same routine compound irritation
Figure 2 VD increases several neutrophins, such as nerve growth factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, ciliary neurotrophic factor, low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor, and transforming growth factor-b2, and down-regulates neurotrophin 4
Meanwhile, oxidative stress also contributes to the continuity and severity of inflammatory responses, thereby speeding up pathological tissue damage and aggravateing the development of periodontal diseases
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme in the inhibition of ferroptosis, uses GSH to convert lipid peroxides into harmless lipid alcohols (Liang et al., 2022