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The medication activates GLP-1 receptors in the brain, regulating hunger cues and reducing the dopamine reward from high-sugar or high-fat foods
This process is coupled with the generation of NADPH and supplies essential precursors (glycine and cysteine) for the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thereby collectively establishing a robust antioxidant defense network together with PPP
The physiological functions of iron regulatory proteins in iron homeostasis - an update
This centrally produced GLP-1 reaches specific receptors located in key structures involved in appetite regulation, such as the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral septum, the nucleus accumbens and the lateral parabrachial nucleus.2,3,6 Furthermore, it promotes aversive responses, inhibits neuroinflammation and gastric emptying, and stimulates sympathetic tone and thermogenesis in experimental models.2,4,6 Activation of GLP-1R on neurons in the arcuate nucleus stimulates the production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), which in turn inhibits neurons that produce neuropeptide Y (NPY), thereby generating an appetite-suppressing response.2 GLP-1 production has also been reported in the olfactory bulb, although its significance remains unclear.2,6 GLP-1R has been identified in the sinoatrial node, atrial and ventricular myocytes, and vascular endothelium
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