The difference between VSEPR theory and the Kepert model is that in the Kepert model only electrons involved in metal-ligand bonds count
As shown in Figure 3A, reduced expression levels of IL-6 and 8 and MMP3, 12 and 13 were observed in the FOXO4-DRI treated group, which however were concomitantly accompanied with reduced expression of SOX9 and COL2 , as well as increased expression of CDKN2A, CDKN1A , and TP53 (encoding p53)
However, copper peptides offer several distinct advantages: Tolerance: While retinoids often cause dryness, peeling, and irritation, especially during the initial adjustment period, copper peptides are generally well-tolerated even by sensitive skin types
GHK-Cu influences MMP activity, but the direction of that influence depends on concentration