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This study brought attention to GHKs ability to modulate expression of multiple genes relevant to cancer suppression and tissue regeneration
Other groups who may benefit include: Patients following gastric surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric procedures) where intrinsic factor production or absorption sites are compromised Individuals with malabsorption disorders such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or chronic pancreatitis Strict vegans and vegetarians with dietary insufficiency, though oral supplementation is usually tried first Elderly patients with atrophic gastritis or reduced gastric acid production Patients on long-term metformin or proton pump inhibitors, which can impair B12 absorption [6] [8] Individuals with nitrous oxide exposure (recreational or medical), which can cause functional B12 deficiency Diagnosis typically involves serum B12 measurement, with levels below approximately 148 pmol/L (though thresholds vary between laboratories) generally indicating deficiency
This is exactly why a personalised consultation, rather than a one-size-fits-all recommendation, matters so much when choosing between these treatments
The Liver: It helps reduce the production of excess sugar, which contributes to more stable energy levels throughout the day
