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Those choices aren't always protein-dense
It breaks down damaged, disorganized collagen and replaces it with new, properly structured fibers
But it came with what researchers call "retinoid dermatitis": inflammation mediated by MCP-1 and IL-8 cytokine release, barrier disruption from transepidermal water loss, and photosensitivity from exposing fresh, immature cells to UV
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The reason this ingredient is so effective is because it forms a thin film on the skin that reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL) while supplying linoleic acid to the stratum corneum to improve barrier strength
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