In some studies, telomere length rose by an average of 33.3%, though results varied between individuals, likely due to differences in baseline telomerase activity, cellular age, and other metabolic factors [4, 14]
A 2003 prospective cohort study by Khavinson and Morozov found that epithalon had the following effects when administered to a sample of 266 adults over the age of 60 [9]: Decreased incidence of ischemic heart disease Decreased incidence of hypertension disease Lowered rates of deforming osteoarthritis and osteoporosis More recently, a 2020 study by Khavinson et al
Materials and methods Cell culture and treatments Human 21NT breast cancer cells were cultured in 1 Modified Eagles medium alpha (alpha MEM) (Gibco), 2.8 M hydrocortisone, 1 g/ml insulin, 10% foetal calf serum (FCS), 1% gluta- max, 10 mM HEPES, 0.1 mM NEAA and 12.5 ng/ml Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF)
Non-surgical treatments like radiofrequency, ultrasound therapy, and laser treatments attempt to stimulate collagen production through controlled thermal damage