Buyer Takeaway: which medication, formulation, and route you're prescribed is a clinical decision your provider makes after reviewing your intake - not a menu choice at checkout
However, there is also a possibility that some of the effect may be independent of GLP-1, because DPP-4 inhibition still reduced -cell apoptosis in human islets cultured in the presence of exendin 9-39 (99), suggesting that other mediators might be involved, but it was also suggested that an anti-inflammatory action could have played a role (99)
Lancet 372:146372 Dodd S, Maes M, Anderson G, Dean O, Moylan S, Berk M (2013) Putative neuroprotective agents in major psychoses
These medications also increase the uptake of glucose by muscle tissue, decrease glucose release by the liver, and increase satiety at the level of the hypothalamus