glp 1 cardiovascular disease Potential Mechanisms for Pro-Vascular Benefit Following GLP-1RA Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Use in

Proliferation Assay Fresh isolated PBMCs or purified T/B cells labeled carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) were cultured with different concentration of L-Cn (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 days in the presence of soluble anti-CD3 (5 g/mL, Biolegend) and anti-CD28 (5 g/mL, Biolegend) for T cell proliferation assay or 7 days in the presence of CPG (10 g/mL, InvivoGen) for B cell proliferation assay or with medium only as control

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The breadth of systemic activity reflects the peptide's interaction with foundational signaling pathways (NO, VEGF, growth hormone receptor) that operate across nearly all tissue systems