Although additional studies are required to clarify the molecular mechanisms responsible for hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular disorders, there is evidence that the direct cytotoxicity of markedly elevated homocysteine and/or of its oxidized by-products (homocysteine thiolactone, homocysteine sulfinic acid, and homocysteic acid) damages endothelial cells (Dudman et al, 1991
Science 276:16991702, PMID: 9180080 Takaki J, Fujimori K, Miura M, Suzuki T, Sekino Y, Sato K (2012) l-glutamate released from activated microglia downregulates astrocytic l-glutamate transporter expression in neuroinflammation: the collusion hypothesis for increased extracellular l-glutamate concentration in neuroinflammation
Prior studies suggest that there is an association between stress from early adverse life events and the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional disorder associated with a higher intestinal permeability [93, 94]
Without proper quality control, these drugs may also be stored or shipped under conditions that degrade their potency, further compromising safety and efficacy